Study of Different Route of Drug Administration

There are different routes of drug administration by using laboratory animals.

Aim:

• To learn how to handle, treat preparing animals for experiments and ethical guidelines during the treatment.
• Measure the required volume of drugs using aspectic techniques.
• To learn how to give a different types of route of drug administration.

How to handle: Good handling and restraint are the most important techniques for correct administration. The restrain methods are 2 types.

• Physical method
• Manual method
  • Double handled manual method
  • Single handled manual method

Route of drug administration:

• Enternal route (oral and intregastric)
• Parentral (I.V, I.M,I.P,S.C,I.D)
• Topical route (surface of the skin membrane)

Enternal route: The placement of drugs directly into any part of GIT directly it could be oral, sublingual, intragastric.

Oral route: The swallowing of a drug through the mouth by the desired drug along with water (ad libitum) or food. It is economic and convenient, safe and some animals can be trained to cooperate
voluntarily. This route is not referable since it is inaccurate.

Intragastric route: The administration of fluid/drugs directly into the oesophagus or stomach is often used instead of mixing the substance in water or food. This method is accurate for the dosing od
animals.

The gastric lavage tube is a small curved, metallic tube with the ball on the tip, it is often used
without anaesthesia.

Parental route: Subcutaneous route: the part of the subcutaneous injection and back of the neck it doesn’t require a large volume of drugs suitable for suspension.

Intraperitoneal route: Commonly used in rats and mice, rapid absorption due to the large particle surface, the mouse may be injected compared with rat (ranges from 2-10ml/kg ).

Intravenous route: It is the most efficient route of drug administration. It should be used with the help of restraining devices in the appropriate size for the animals to be injected. The tail vein is suitable
for drug administration.

Topical route: The most convenient route for topical drugs, drugs like local anaesthetics, ointments and cream can be easily applied on the surface of the skin membrane. Eye drops and ointments were also used in this method. Animals like rabbits, guinea pigs and rats are mainly used in this method.